COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS

Detailed explanation-1: -While Caesar’s was the first recorded use of this scheme, other substitution ciphers are known to have been used earlier. “If he had anything confidential to say, he wrote it in cipher, that is, by so changing the order of the letters of the alphabet, that not a word could be made out.

Detailed explanation-2: -Caesar Cipher and other Rotation Ciphers The Caesar Cipher is a monoalphabetic rotation cipher used by Gaius Julius Caesar. Caesar rotated each letter of the plaintext forward three times to encrypt, so that A became D, B became E, etc., as shown in Table 4.6.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first cipher device appears to have been employed by the ancient Greeks around 400 bce for secret communications between military commanders. This device, called the scytale, consisted of a tapered baton around which was spirally wrapped a piece of parchment inscribed with the message.

Detailed explanation-4: -The earliest known use of a substitution cipher and the simplest was by Julius Caesar. The Caesar cipher involves replacing each letter of the alphabet with the letter standing 3 places further down the alphabet.

Detailed explanation-5: -In addition, cryptography also covers the obfuscation of information in images using techniques such as microdots or merging. Ancient Egyptians were known to use these methods in complex hieroglyphics, and Roman Emperor Julius Caesar is credited with using one of the first modern ciphers.