COMPUTER NETWORKING

Detailed explanation-1: -TCP flags are various types of flag bits present in the TCP header. Each of them has its own significance. They initiate connections, carry data, and tear down connections. The commonly used TCP flags are syn, ack, rst, fin, urg, psh.

Detailed explanation-2: -The URG flag is used to inform a receiving station that certain data within a segment is urgent and should be prioritized. If the URG flag is set, the receiving station evaluates the urgent pointer, a 16-bit field in the TCP header.

Detailed explanation-3: -TCP uses a three-way handshake to establish a reliable connection. The connection is full duplex, and both sides synchronize (SYN) and acknowledge (ACK) each other. The exchange of these four flags is performed in three steps: SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK, as shown in Figure 5.8.

Detailed explanation-4: -ACK: an acknowledgment message employed to declare the receipt of a particular message. FIN: a message that triggers a graceful connection termination between a client and a server. RST: a message that aborts the connection (forceful termination) between a client and a server.