COMPUTER NETWORKING

Detailed explanation-1: -This layer works at the user end to interact with user applications. QoS (quality of service), file transfer and email are the major popular services of the application layer. This layer uses following protocols: HTTP, SMTP, DHCP, FTP, Telnet, SNMP and SMPP.

Detailed explanation-2: -The most significant protocol at layer 3 (also called the network layer) is the Internet Protocol, or IP. IP is the standard for routing packets across interconnected networks–hence, the name internet. It is an encapsulating protocol similar to the way Ethernet is an encapsulating protocol.