COMPUTER NETWORKING

Detailed explanation-1: -Propagation delay is the time it takes a bit to propagate from one router to the next. If the distance between the routers is increased, it will take longer time to propagate, that is, there would be more propagation delay.

Detailed explanation-2: -Factors that affect propagation delay are: the way it is measured, the amount of overdrive, the supply voltage, the output driver supply voltage, capacitive loading, the common mode voltage, the configuration (inverting or non-inverting), the edge on which one measures (rising or falling) and temperature.

Detailed explanation-3: -An important difference between bandwidth delay and propagation delay is that bandwidth delay is proportional to the amount of data sent while propagation delay is not. If we send two packets back-to-back, then the bandwidth delay is doubled but the propagation delay counts only once.