COMPUTER NETWORKING

Detailed explanation-1: -The passing of the data and network information down through the layers of the sending device and back up through the layers of the receiving device is made possible by an interface between each pair of adjacent layers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Network layer: Handles the routing and sending of data between different networks. The most important protocols at this layer are IP and ICMP.

Detailed explanation-3: -The transport layer is responsible for taking data and breaking it up into smaller chunks. When data is transferred across a network, it is not transferred as one packet. To make transfers more efficient and faster, the transport layer breaks data into smaller segments.

Detailed explanation-4: -The sender’s application passes data down to the presentation layer, where it is put into a common format. When the data is received on the other end, the presentation layer changes the data from the common format back into a format that is useable by the application.