CURRENT AFFAIRS

Detailed explanation-1: -The Human Genome Project is one of the greatest scientific feats in history. The project was a voyage of biological discovery led by an international group of researchers looking to comprehensively study all of the DNA (known as a genome) of a select set of organisms.

Detailed explanation-2: -Human genome project was considered to be a mega project because it had a specific goal to sequence every base pair present in the human genome. It took around 13 years for its completion and got accomplished in year 2006.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Human Genome Project is an ambitious research effort aimed at deciphering the chemical makeup of the entire human genetic code (i.e., the genome). The primary work of the project is to develop three research tools that will allow scientists to identify genes involved in both rare and common diseases.

Detailed explanation-4: -The approach used by the members of the IHGSC was called the hierarchical shotgun method, because the team members systematically generated overlapping clones mapped to individual human chromosomes, which were individually sequenced using a shotgun approach (Figure 2).

Detailed explanation-5: -Sanger sequencing was used in the Human Genome Project to determine the sequences of relatively small fragments of human DNA (900 bp or less). These fragments were used to assemble larger DNA fragments and, eventually, entire chromosomes. The development of NGS technologies has accelerated genomics research.