CURRENT AFFAIRS

Detailed explanation-1: -On October 15, 2016, with the United States’ leadership, 197 countries adopted an amendment to phase down HFCs under the Montreal Protocol in Kigali, Rwanda. Under the amendment, countries committed to cut the production and consumption of HFCs by more than 80 percent over the next 30 years.

Detailed explanation-2: -As of December 31, 2022, 145 states and the European Union have ratified the Kigali Amendment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Since it was agreed internationally in 1987 to phase out ozone depleting substances (also known as ODS), 196 countries have ratified the Montreal Protocol.

Detailed explanation-4: -With the Kigali Amendment, the Montreal Protocol will be an even more powerful instrument against global warming. The amendment will enter into force on 1 January 2019, provided it has been ratified by at least 20 parties. The goal is to achieve over 80% reduction in HFC consumption by 2047.

Detailed explanation-5: -Under the Kigali Amendment; Parties to the Montreal Protocol will phase down production and consumption of Hydrofluorocarbons, commonly known as HFCs. Hydrofluorocarbons were introduced as non-ozone depleting alternative to Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs).