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Detailed explanation-1: -The term is usually applied to marine oil spills, where oil is released into the ocean or coastal waters. Pseudomonas putida also called as oil guzzlers is a gram negative, rod shaped, saprophytic bacterium which was patented by Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty, for the ability of the bacterium to biodegrade oil.

Detailed explanation-2: -Petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria are ubiquitous in nature and can utilize these compounds as sources of carbon and energy. Bacteria displaying such capabilities are often exploited for the bioremediation of petroleum oil-contaminated environments.

Detailed explanation-3: -The final consortium consists of four bacteria isolated from the Gulf of Mexico, from four genera: Pseudomonas, Halopseudomonas, Paenarthrobacter, and Alcanivorax.

Detailed explanation-4: -Bacteria, archaea and fungi are typical prime bioremediators [2]. The application of bioremediation as a biotechnological process involving microorganisms for solving and removing dangers of many pollutants through biodegradation from the environment.