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Detailed explanation-1: -The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to three scientists in the field of laser science: Dr. Arthur Ashkin for his invention of the optical tweezers and their application to biological systems, and Dr. Gérard Mourou and Dr. Donna Strickland for their method of generating high-intensity, ultrashort optical pulses .

Detailed explanation-2: -The 2018 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded on Tuesday to Arthur Ashkin of the United States, Gérard Mourou of France and Donna Strickland of Canada for harnessing one of the most ineffable aspects of nature, pure light, into a mighty microscopic force.

Detailed explanation-3: -At 96, Ashkin is the oldest-ever Nobel laureate. His prizewinning work began immediately after the laser’s invention in 1960. Lasers exert a gentle pressure on tiny objects, which Ashkin realized could be used to manipulate them without damaging them.

Detailed explanation-4: -The invention of optical tweezers Professor Arthur Ashkin, an American scientist and former Columbia University student received half the prize for his invention of optical tweezers.

Detailed explanation-5: -Alain Aspect, John Clauser and Anton Zeilinger have each conducted groundbreaking experiments using entangled quantum states, where two particles behave like a single unit even when they are separated. Their results have cleared the way for new technology based upon quantum information.