CURRENT AFFAIRS

Detailed explanation-1: -Louis Pasteur (December 27, 1822 - September 28, 1895) was a French chemist and microbiologist renowned for his discoveries of the principles of vaccination, microbial fermentation and pasteurization.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pasteur was born in December 1822, in the small city of Dole situated in the eastern region of France. His father, who had served as a sergeant in Napoleon’s army, opened a tannery on his return home.

Detailed explanation-3: -In 1863, at the request of the emperor of France, Napoleon III, Pasteur studied wine contamination and showed it to be caused by microbes. To prevent contamination, Pasteur used a simple procedure: he heated the wine to 50–60 °C (120–140 °F), a process now known universally as pasteurization.

Detailed explanation-4: -In 1848, just months after receiving his doctorate degree, Pasteur was studying the properties of crystals formed in the process of wine-making when he discovered that crystals occur in mirror-image forms, a property known as chirality.

Detailed explanation-5: -In 1885, Pasteur was lauded for one of his most famous developments – a vaccine against rabies (or “hydrophobia”). He had successfully vaccinated dogs against the disease; soon after the vaccine was tested successfully on humans. Subsequently, the Pasteur Institute was built in Paris to treat victims of rabies.