CURRENT AFFAIRS

Detailed explanation-1: -The CQDs that the CSIR-NEIST team developed emit a bluish colour with “high-stability, good-conductivity, low-toxicity, environmental friendliness, and good optical properties”. The finer details have been published in their study published in the Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology .

Detailed explanation-2: -Nearly a century ago, Otto Warburg discovered that tumors consume tremendous amounts of glucose relative to most non-transformed tissues, and that the majority of glucose consumed by tumors is fermented to lactate, rather than oxidized in pathways that require respiration [1].

Detailed explanation-3: -MIT researchers have shown that cancer cells’ demand for NAD+ drives them to switch to a wasteful metabolic process called fermentation. In the 1920s, German chemist Otto Warburg discovered that cancer cells don’t metabolize sugar the same way that healthy cells usually do.

Detailed explanation-4: -Carbon Quantum Dots (CQD) CQDs are carbon-based nanomaterials whose size is less than 10 nm, or nanometre. Carbon-based nanomaterials are used as diagnostic tools for bio-imaging, especially in detecting cancer cells, for chemical sensing and in optoelectronics.

Detailed explanation-5: -Cancer cells often are starved of oxygen - a condition called hypoxia. One instance where this might occur is when enlarging tumors outgrow the network of blood vessels that supplies tumor cells with oxygen.