CURRENT AFFAIRS

Detailed explanation-1: -The CTBTO runs the International Monitoring System (IMS) of 300-odd stations, which can sense vibrations, hear sounds or smell noble gases (such as Xenon, Krypton) ‘radionuclides’ (such as Beryllium-7).

Detailed explanation-2: -Currently, IMD relies on an ensemble model for forecasting monsoon. This traditional model uses a statistical technique. It uses an average of 6 meteorological values correlated to the monsoon such as sea surface temperatures in the Pacific, and North Atlantic sea level pressure.

Detailed explanation-3: -Originally, monsoon forecasts were based on statistical models of local measured variables. Today, most of the short-term monsoon predictions are based on numerical weather prediction or taking local meteorological parameters as indicators.

Detailed explanation-4: -For deep part, a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) is used. Information of geographical parameters (latitude and longitude) are included in a unique way. It gives the model a generalization ability, which helps a single model to make rainfall predictions in different geographical conditions.