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Detailed explanation-1: -Climate change: Scientists discover record warm water beneath Antarctica’s “doomsday” Thwaites glacier - CBS News.

Detailed explanation-2: -Our study found the first ever record of a hard substrate-a boulder-community deep beneath an ice shelf, made up of probable filter-feeding animals such as sponges.” Moving inland, Antarctica’s frozen wasteland conceals a hidden kingdom of hundreds of subglacial lakes and rivers, teaming with life.

Detailed explanation-3: -The Denman ice shelf in east Antarctica is melting at a rate of 70.8bn tonnes a year, according to researchers from Australia’s national science agency, thanks to the ingress of warm sea water.

Detailed explanation-4: -A team of scientists has observed, for the first time, the presence of warm water at a vital point underneath a glacier in Antarctica-an alarming discovery that points to the cause behind the gradual melting of this ice shelf while also raising concerns about sea-level rise around the globe.

Detailed explanation-5: -The Thwaites glacier, located in the Amundsen Sea in western Antarctica, is among the fastest-changing glaciers in the region, according to scientists.