CURRENT AFFAIRS

Detailed explanation-1: -Notes: The five permanent members of United Nations Security Council, namely Russia, Britain, China, the United States and France released a statement recently. The countries are of the view that a further spread of nuclear arms and a nuclear war should be avoided.

Detailed explanation-2: -The Treaty on the Prohibition of Nuclear Weapons (TPNW) includes a comprehensive set of prohibitions on participating in any nuclear weapon activities. These include undertakings not to develop, test, produce, acquire, possess, stockpile, use or threaten to use nuclear weapons.

Detailed explanation-3: -Nuclear disarmament is the act of reducing or eliminating nuclear weapons. Its end state can also be a nuclear-weapons-free world, in which nuclear weapons are completely eliminated.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Doctrine for Joint Nuclear Operations is a U.S. Department of Defense document publicly discovered in 2005 on the circumstances under which commanders of U.S. forces could request the use of nuclear weapons. The document was a draft being revised to be consistent with the Bush doctrine of preemptive attack.