DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Male pine cones produce pollen, which is like a powder. The male cones release their pollen, which is carried around the air by blowing wind, and hopefully to another female pine cone on a different pine tree. If the pollen reaches a female pine cone, this process is called pollination.

Detailed explanation-2: -In gymnosperms, pollination involves pollen transfer from the male cone to the female cone. Upon transfer, the pollen germinates to form the pollen tube and the sperm for fertilizing the egg. Pollination has been well studied since the time of Gregor Mendel.

Detailed explanation-3: -When the egg cells are ready, the pollen grain enters the micropyle, an opening in the female cone near the ovule. The pollen grain germinates and constructs a special pollen tube so that fertilization can take place. One of the two male gametes produced by the pollen then fuses with the female egg cell.

Detailed explanation-4: -Male cones make pollen, which is carried to female cones by the wind. After the female gametes are fertilised by male gametes from the pollen, the female cones produce seeds, which are then scattered away from the plant by wind or animals.