DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperms – plants with cones. Angiosperms – plants with flowers.

Detailed explanation-2: -Flowering plants are a vast group of plants that produce flowers and seeds enclosed in a fruit. Conifers are woody plants that produce naked seeds on a cone. They belong to the group of angiosperms. They belong to the division Pinophyta under gymnosperms.

Detailed explanation-3: -Angiosperms do not produce cones and produce flowers/fruits instead. Gymnosperms are vascular plants that produce cones. Cones have their seeds exposed on the surface of their leaf-like structures instead of the seeds being enclosed in an ovary.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gymnosperms produce both male and female cones, each making the gametes needed for fertilization; this makes them heterosporous. Megaspores made in cones develop into the female gametophytes inside the ovules of gymnosperms, while pollen grains develop from cones that produce microspores.