DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Male cones give rise to microspores, which produce pollen grains, while female cones give rise to megaspores, which produce ovules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pollen is produced by cone-bearing and flowering plants as part of their reproduction process. In cone-bearing (gymnosperms) plants, pollen is produced in pollen cones. Flowering plants (angiosperms) produce pollen in the anthers within the flower.

Detailed explanation-3: -The female or ovulate (seed) cone consists of a spiral series of overlapping ovuliferous scales each producing two ovules on the upper surface. Each scale is subtended by a small fused structure on its lower surface called a bract.