DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperm seeds develop either on the surface of scales or leaves, which are often modified to form cones, or on their own as in yew, Torreya, Ginkgo. Gymnosperm lifecycles involve alternation of generations.

Detailed explanation-2: -Seeds are found inside the cone on the upper surfaces of the cone scales. Open cones have dropped their seed; so collect closed cones only, preferably by picking them from trees.

Detailed explanation-3: -Inside female cones, female spores develop into female gametophytes. Each female gametophyte produces an egg inside an ovule. Pollination occurs when pollen is transferred from a male to female cone. If sperm then travel from the pollen to an egg so fertilization can occur, a diploid zygote results.