DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -gymnosperm, any vascular plant that reproduces by means of an exposed seed, or ovule-unlike angiosperms, or flowering plants, whose seeds are enclosed by mature ovaries, or fruits. The seeds of many gymnosperms (literally, “naked seeds”) are borne in cones and are not visible until maturity.

Detailed explanation-2: -The name gymnosperm is derived from gymno meaning nake and sperm meaning seeds (i.e., their seeds are uncovered) while angiosperm (flowering plants) seeds are usually covered by a fruit. Most gymnosperms produce seeds in structures called cones or strobili (singular strobilus; Figure 8.1.

Detailed explanation-3: -Gymnosperms are plants producing seeds that are not encapsulated within the fruit or the ovary. Gymnosperm seeds are open to the air and directly pollinated.

Detailed explanation-4: -Conifers. Conifers like the spruce, cedar and pine tree are gymnosperms and have seeds on cones. Most coniferous trees are evergreen and are specially adapted to survive in areas with lots of snow.