DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ferns are seedless, vascular plants. They contain two types of vascular tissue that are needed to move substances throughout the plant. Evolutionarily, this addition of vascular tissue to plants is what allowed ferns to grow up and out rather than just spreading along the ground.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ferns, club mosses, horsetails, and whisk ferns are seedless vascular plants that reproduce with spores and are found in moist environments.

Detailed explanation-3: -fern, (class Polypodiopsida), class of nonflowering, herbaceous vascular plants that possess true roots, stems, and complex leaves and that reproduce by spores.

Detailed explanation-4: -Nonvascular plants are distinguished from other classifications of plants including angiosperms (flowering plants), gymnosperms, and ferns because they lack flowers, fruits, seeds, leaves, roots, and stems. Mosses, hornworts, and liverworts are nonvascular plants called Bryophytes.