DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most gymnosperms produce seeds in structures called cones or strobili (singular strobilus; Figure 8.1. 2). Cones evolved from modified leaves, and they can either be male cones that produce pollen, or female cones that produce ovules.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gymnosperms are a group of plants that produce seeds that are not contained within either the fruit or the ovary of a plant. The seeds of a gymnosperm are open to the air and are directly fertilized by pollination.

Detailed explanation-3: -Life Cycle of Gymnosperms Gymnosperms are vascular plants that produce seeds in cones. Examples include coniferssuch as pine and spruce trees. The gymnosperm life cycle has a dominant sporophyte generation.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gymnosperm seeds are usually formed in unisexual cones, known as strobili, and the plants lack fruits and flowers. Both groups use pollen to facilitate fertilization, though angiosperms have an incredible diversity of pollination strategies that are not found among the gymnosperms.