DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperms are seed-producing plants but they do not bear flowers. Phanerogams consist of both angiosperms and gymnosperms. Pteridophytes neither produce seeds nor flowers.

Detailed explanation-2: -While gymnosperms have a seed coat, they lack a fruiting structure and a true flower, providing less protection for the developing embryo than flowering plants. A Gymnosperm, Pinus. Conifers, cycads, and the bizarre gnetophytes comprise the major groups of gymnosperms.

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-flowering plants include mosses, liverworts, hornworts, lycophytes and ferns and reproduce by spores. Some non-flowering plants, called gymnosperms or conifers, still produce seeds.

Detailed explanation-4: -Gymnosperm is a seed-producing plant that includes conifers, cycads, gnetophytes and ginkgos.