DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Phanerogams or spermatophytes are seed-bearing plants. It includes both angiosperms (flowering plants) and gymnosperms (non-flowering plants). They have evident sex organs or phanerogamae. In gymnosperms, the seeds are naked, whereas in angiosperms, it is enclosed.

Detailed explanation-2: -Non-flowering plants include mosses, liverworts, hornworts, lycophytes and ferns and reproduce by spores. Some non-flowering plants, called gymnosperms or conifers, still produce seeds.

Detailed explanation-3: -Non-flowering plants mostly fall into one of these groups: ferns, liverworts, mosses, hornworts, whisk ferns, club mosses, horsetails, conifers, cycads, and ginkgo.