DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Modern-day seedless vascular plants include club mosses, horsetails, ferns, and whisk ferns.

Detailed explanation-2: -Lycophytes and pterophytes are seedless vascular plants. All vascular plants produce seeds. All nonvascular embryophytes are bryophytes. Seed plants include angiosperms and gymnosperms.

Detailed explanation-3: -In seedless vascular plants, such as ferns and horsetails, the plants reproduce using haploid, unicellular spores instead of seeds. The spores are very lightweight (unlike many seeds), which allows for their easy dispersion in the wind and for the plants to spread to new habitats.

Detailed explanation-4: -Liverworts, mosses, and hornworts are seedless, non-vascular plants that likely appeared early in land plant evolution.