DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Phloem is the vascular tissue that transports carbon (photosynthates) from the leaves to basal parts of the plant, and vascular cambium is undifferentiated tissue responsible for secondary growth and repair of damaged phloem (Lalonde et al., 2004).

Detailed explanation-2: -Food and other organic substances (e.g., some plant hormones and even messenger RNAs) manufactured in the cells of the plant are transported in the phloem. Sugars (usually sucrose), amino acids and other organic molecules enter the sieve elements through plasmodesmata connecting them to adjacent companion cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Phloem is responsible for transporting sugars, proteins, and other organic molecules in plants. Vascular plants are able to grow higher than other plants due to the rigidity of xylem cells, which support the plant.

Detailed explanation-4: -Phloem vessels transport dissolved substances, such as sucrose and amino acids, from the leaves to the rest of the plant. Xylem and phloem vessels are grouped together within the plant stem and form vascular bundles. Sclerenchyma fibres are also found within vascular bundles and provide support to the stem.