DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Most extant plants on Earth have vascular systems, including the lower vascular plants (lycophytes and ferns), gymnosperms, and angiosperms. Discrete clusters of xylem and phloem tissues, known as vascular bundles, run longitudinally along the stem.

Detailed explanation-2: -Phloem is the vascular tissue which transports food from leaves to the other parts of the plant. Phloem is composed of various specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibers and phloem parenchyma cells.

Detailed explanation-3: -Vascular plants have tubelike structures that carry water, nutrients, and other sub-stances throughout the plant. Nonvascular plants do not have these tubelike structures and use other ways to move water and substances.