DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Gymnosperm seeds germinate at the leaves‘ or scales‘ surfaces. After that, they may be often adjusted to shape cones. The gymnosperm seeds are found at the bottom of the bracts, possibly in a leaf-like structure.

Detailed explanation-2: -Gymnosperm seeds are not enclosed in an ovary; rather, they are only partially sheltered by modified leaves called sporophylls. You may recall the term strobilus (plural = strobili) describes a tight arrangement of sporophylls around a central stalk, as seen in pine cones.

Detailed explanation-3: -They can be classified as Coniferophyta, Cycadophyta, Ginkgophyta and Gnetophyta. Gymnosperms are found in boreal and temperate forests.

Detailed explanation-4: -In contrast to flowering plants (or angiosperms), the seeds of gymnosperms grow on the surface of scales or leaves, not enclosed within an ovary (which usually develops into fruits), and are therefore called “naked seeds”.