DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ferns generally reproduce by producing spores. Similar to flowering plants, ferns have roots, stems and leaves. However, unlike flowering plants, ferns do not have flowers or seeds; instead, they usually reproduce sexually by tiny spores or sometimes can reproduce vegetatively, as exemplified by the walking fern.

Detailed explanation-2: -Plants that don’t make seeds are called non-seed plants. Ferns and mosses are non-seed plants. They don’t make seeds, but they make spores, and the new plant grow from this spore.

Detailed explanation-3: -Liverworts, mosses, and hornworts are seedless, non-vascular plants that likely appeared early in land plant evolution. Vascular plants developed a network of cells that conduct water and solutes.