DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The salt is regulated through filtration, storage and excretion. Mangroves have long underground cable roots that absorb nutrition and form a dense network contributing to its support mechanism. Many species have pneumatophores (breathing roots) to absorb atmospheric oxygen to overcome its deficiency in soil.

Detailed explanation-2: -Mangrove Trees. Mangrove trees have become specialized to survive in the extreme conditions of estuaries. Two key adaptations they have are the ability to survive in waterlogged and anoxic (no oxygen) soil, and the ability to tolerate brackish waters.

Detailed explanation-3: -Their above-ground roots slow down water flows and encourage sediment deposits that reduce coastal erosion. The complex mangrove root systems filter nitrates, phosphates and other pollutants from the water, improving the water quality flowing from rivers and streams into the estuarine and ocean environment.

Detailed explanation-4: -The dense roots of mangroves help to bind and build soils. The above-ground roots slow down water flows, encourage deposition of sediments and reduce erosion. Over time mangroves can actively build up soils, increasing the thickness of the mangrove soil, which may be critical as sea level rise accelerates.