DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Removal of old trees is beneficial for forest health because they are less immune to pathogens and diseases. Besides, clear-cuts allow more sunlight for younger trees that do not tolerate shade. As a result, saplings grow in even-aged stands.

Detailed explanation-2: -Forests are often managed in an even-aged or an uneven-aged system. An even-aged system is one where the dominant trees in the forest are all about the same age. An uneven-aged system is one where there is a greater diversity of tree age classes in the forest.

Detailed explanation-3: -A clearcut is an area of forestland where most of the standing trees are logged at the same time and a few trees remain post-harvest. Forested buffers are left around streams and lakes, and the area is replanted within two years of harvest.