DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary succession occurs in an area that has not been previously occupied by a community. Places where primary succession occurs include newly exposed rock areas, sand dunes, and lava flows. Simple species that can tolerate the often-harsh environment become established first.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession follows the formation of a totally new habitat, such as when a lava flow or a receding glacier creates or reveals new land which is devoid of soil or vegetation. Organisms from nearby habitats begin to build soil by breaking down exposed bedrock, and the wind brings in additional soil materials.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, providing a habitat that can be colonized for the first time. For example, primary succession may take place following the eruption of volcanoes, such as those on the Big Island of Hawaii. As lava flows into the ocean, new rock is formed.