DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, providing a habitat that can be colonized for the first time.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession happens when a new patch of land is created or exposed for the first time. This can happen, for example, when lava cools and creates new rocks, or when a glacier retreats and exposes rocks without any soil. During primary succession, organisms must start from scratch.

Detailed explanation-3: -Solution: Bryophytes play an important role in plant succession on bare rocks/soil. Mosses along with lichens are the first organisms to colonize rocks and hence, are of great ecological importance.

Detailed explanation-4: -The settling of a pioneer community marks the start of the colonizing phase of primary succession. Examples of pioneer species are lichens, algae, and fungi. These species are more tolerant and eventually contribute to the formation of the soil by breaking down rocks into smaller particles.