DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In primary succession, they are thus the pioneer organisms . Before they can colonize an environment, many organisms need soil. Acids that break down the rock and start the process of soil formation are secreted by lichens that colonize bare rock. They provide organic matter to the soil when they die.

Detailed explanation-2: -Spores of lichen or fungus, being the pioneer species, are spread onto a land of rocks. Then, the rocks are broken down into smaller pieces and organic matter gradually accumulates, favouring the growth of larger plants like grasses, ferns and herbs.

Detailed explanation-3: -This process is called primary succession. It begins with organisms such as lichens that can live and grow very slowly on bare rock. Lichens (see the Fungi station) break down rock by secreting acids. The freeze-thaw cycle of winter also contributes to rock destruction.

Detailed explanation-4: -During primary succession on land, fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species. They break down minerals in the rock to form soil, which allow subsequent communities to colonize the area.