DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Secondary succession happens when a climax community or intermediate community is impacted by a disturbance. This restarts the cycle of succession, but not back to the beginning-soil and nutrients are still present.

Detailed explanation-2: -Primary succession occurs after a volcanic eruption or earthquake; it involves the breakdown of rocks by lichens to create new, nutrient-rich soils. The first species to colonize an area after a major disturbance are called pioneer species; they help to form the new environment.

Detailed explanation-3: -One of the most striking aspects of a newly formed lava flow is its barren and sterile nature. The process of colonization of such flows by plants and animals is called primary succession, and it is also found on other newly formed surfaces such as glacial deposits, large landslides, and river deposits.