DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Ecological succession can occur in many contexts and over many time spans. In Hawaii and Iceland, primary succession occurs on lava flows where new land has formed; in Canada’s Athabasca Dunes, it happens when new sand is deposited along a lakeshore; in the Andes, it occurs when glaciers retreat.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ecological succession occurs due to the changes in the physical environment and population of species. It may also occur when the conditions of an environment suddenly and drastically change. For example, forest fires, wind storms, and human activities all greatly alter the conditions of an environment.

Detailed explanation-3: -The biological succession on the bare rock is known as lithosere. The various serial stages are lichen, moss, annual grass stage, perennial grass stage, shrub stage, climax community in the ascending order. These stages take place one after the other.