DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Primary succession occurs when new land is formed or bare rock is exposed, providing a habitat that can be colonized for the first time. For example, primary succession may take place following the eruption of volcanoes, such as those on the Big Island of Hawaii. As lava flows into the ocean, new rock is formed.

Detailed explanation-2: -Ecological succession occurs due to the changes in the physical environment and population of species. It may also occur when the conditions of an environment suddenly and drastically change. For example, forest fires, wind storms, and human activities all greatly alter the conditions of an environment.

Detailed explanation-3: -Primary succession occurs in an environment without previous life, or a barren habitat. Secondary succession occurs in an area that had previously been inhabited but experienced a disturbance, such as a lava flow.

Detailed explanation-4: -An example of primary succession happens when vegetation begins on hardened lava after a volcanic eruption. Secondary succession occurs after California wildfires clear the oak and hickory forests.