DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Answer and Explanation: Yes, mosses and ferns are pioneer species. While mosses are considered pioneer species in both primary and secondary succession, ferns are more common in secondary succession processes where rock is already converted to loose sediment and barren soil.

Detailed explanation-2: -Answer and Explanation: Mosses are pioneer species because they are the first to colonize a new area. They can grow in a variety of habitats and can survive in harsh conditions. Pioneer species are important because they create a foundation for other species to come and live in the area.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pioneer Species Examples Only after pioneer flora and lichens are one with their jobs that pioneer bacteria, fungi, and fauna steps in. Examples of pioneer fauna are: soil invertebrates like ants, worms and snails, also some toads, etc.