DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Species that arrive first in the newly created environment are called pioneer species, and through their interactions they build a simple initial biological community. This community becomes more complex as new species arrive.

Detailed explanation-2: -Fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species in primary succession because they have the ability to break down minerals to form soil and subsequently develop organic matter. Once pioneer species colonize the area and start to build soil, other species like grasses begin to move in.

Detailed explanation-3: -In secondary succession on land, such as after a fire or when trees topple in forests, tree species like alders, birches and chir pine and many grass species can begin the succession process. In aquatic environments, phytoplankton (microscopic organisms that photosynthesize) are the common pioneer species.