DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Often, the first entities to appear in the regions of the primary succession are lichens or mosses and are referred to as pioneer species as they are the first species found.

Detailed explanation-2: -Stages of Primary Succession The first stage is the Pioneer Species. These species are organisms such as lichen and moss. These organisms are capable of decomposing the rock into top soil.

Detailed explanation-3: -Biology definition: Pioneer species is the first ones to colonize a bare substrate in primary succession while first to colonize a destroyed habitat in secondary succession.

Detailed explanation-4: -During biofilm development (Fig. 41.1) the primary colonizers (pioneer species) attach first and as the conditions in the biofilm change secondary colonizers are able to attach to the already established organisms, finally resulting in a stable, climax community.