DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Species that arrive first in the newly created environment are called pioneer species, and through their interactions they build a simple initial biological community.

Detailed explanation-2: -Pioneer species are hardy species that are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by wildfire.

Detailed explanation-3: -Fungi and lichen are the most common pioneer species in primary succession because they have the ability to break down minerals to form soil and subsequently develop organic matter. Once pioneer species colonize the area and start to build soil, other species like grasses begin to move in.

Detailed explanation-4: -The term pioneer is used to describe the species that first colonize new habitats created by disturbance. Although the term is usually applied to plants, microbial and invertebrate pioneer species are also sometimes recognized.