DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Complete answer: Lichens are the first organisms to colonize bare rock. They are, therefore, called the pioneer species in primary succession.

Detailed explanation-2: -The first organisms appearing in the regions of primary succession are pioneer species (usually lichens or mosses). They are the first species present. They must be strong and hardy. The development of a new community is succession.

Detailed explanation-3: -Pioneer species are hardy species that are the first to colonize barren environments or previously biodiverse steady-state ecosystems that have been disrupted, such as by wildfire.

Detailed explanation-4: -By colonizing the area, pioneer species change the ecosystem as they grow, reproduce, use resources, and die. The normal life activities of pioneer species create soil and other detritus, allowing other organisms to migrate in and start their own colonization of the ecosystem.