DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Lichens(Pioneers community)→ Mosses→ Annual grasses → Perennial grasses → Shrubs → Trees(Climax community).

Detailed explanation-2: -The Different Stages of Ecological Succession The five are thought to be nudation, invasion, competition/coaction, reaction and stabilization, or climax.

Detailed explanation-3: -The first species to colonize bare rock are usually lichens. In primary succession, they are thus the pioneer organisms. Before they can colonize an environment, many organisms need soil. Acids that break down the rock and start the process of soil formation are secreted by lichens that colonize bare rock.

Detailed explanation-4: -Ecological succession is the process by which the mix of species and habitat in an area changes over time. Gradually, these communities replace one another until a “climax community”-like a mature forest-is reached, or until a disturbance, like a fire, occurs. Ecological succession is a fundamental concept in ecology.