DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Floodplains represent (like landslides) an intermediate status between primary and secondary succession. At one extreme, floods can completely remove all prior vegetation and organic matter, triggering primary succession on a layer of fresh silt, sand, or gravel.

Detailed explanation-2: -In secondary succession, a previously occupied area is re-colonized following a disturbance that kills much or all of its community. A classic example of secondary succession occurs in oak and hickory forests cleared by wildfire. Wildfires will burn most vegetation and kill animals unable to flee the area.