DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In a process called non-cyclic photophosphorylation (the “standard” form of the light-dependent reactions), electrons are removed from water and passed through PSII and PSI before ending up in NADPH. This process requires light to be absorbed twice, once in each photosystem, and it makes ATP .

Detailed explanation-2: -Electron transfer from PSII to PSI takes place via the intersystem electron transfer chain composed of Plastoquinone (PQ), Cytochrome b6f (Cyt b6f), and Plastocyanin (PC). PQ accepts electrons from PSII and the electrons are then transferred to PSI via Cyt b6f and PC.

Detailed explanation-3: -Electrons are transferred sequentially between the two photosystems, with photosystem I acting to generate NADPH and photosystem II acting to generate ATP. The pathway of electron flow starts at photosystem II, which is homologous to the photosynthetic reaction center of R. viridis already described.

Detailed explanation-4: -The light-dependent reactions can be summarized as follows: 12 H2O + 12 NADP+ + 18 ADP + 18 Pi + light and chlorophyll yields 6 O2 + 12 NADPH + 18 ATP.

Detailed explanation-5: -The electrons travel through the chloroplast electron transport chain to photosystem I (PSI), which passes the electron to NADP+ reductase, which uses it to convert NADP+ and a proton to NADPH. The electron transport chain moves protons (H+) across the thylakoid membrane into the lumen.