DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -In particular, their three membranes divide chloroplasts into three distinct internal compartments: (1) the intermembrane space between the two membranes of the chloroplast envelope; (2) the stroma, which lies inside the envelope but outside the thylakoid membrane; and (3) the thylakoid lumen.

Detailed explanation-2: -They have an outer and inner membrane enveloping the intermembrane space. The inner membrane separates ‘stroma’ from the intermembrane space. The presence of a double-membrane helps in creating a concentration gradient and controls the flow of substances across it.

Detailed explanation-3: -A typical plant cell (e.g., in the palisade layer of a leaf) might contain as many as 50 chloroplasts. The chloroplast is made up of 3 types of membrane: A smooth outer membrane which is freely permeable to molecules.

Detailed explanation-4: -Unlike mitochondria, chloroplasts have three phospholipid bilayers.