DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The energy of the oxygen, the terminal acceptor in the ETC, is used to pump protons from the matrix into the intermembrane space, storing energy in the form of a transmembrane electrochemical gradient. The protons move back across the inner membrane through the enzyme ATP synthase.

Detailed explanation-2: -The protons flow back from intermembrane to the matrix in mitochondria, and from thylakoid to stroma in chloroplast through ATP synthase to drive the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate. Therefore, the adenosine triphosphate is produced within the matrix of mitochondria and within the stroma of chloroplast.

Detailed explanation-3: -The energy used in the electron transport chain pumps protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane from the inner matrix to the intermembrane space, producing a strong hydrogen concentration gradient.

Detailed explanation-4: -Two protons pass through the F0 channel from intermembrane space to the matrix of mitochondria for each ATP molecule synthesised.