DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Photosystems. These photosystems are light-driven redox centers, each consisting of an antenna complex that uses chlorophylls and accessory photosynthetic pigments such as carotenoids and phycobiliproteins to harvest light at a variety of wavelengths.

Detailed explanation-2: -Both photosystems contain chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and the four carotenoids, but in different proportions. Each unit of PS–1 or PS–2 contains 200 light-harvesting chlorophylls and one reaction centre.

Detailed explanation-3: -The photosynthetic membranes, thylakoids contain photosynthetic pigments like chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b. Thylakoids are membrane-bound and have several compartment-like structures inside them. The membranes of thylakoid contain chlorophyll pigments and are found in packets called quantasomes.

Detailed explanation-4: -Each photosystem is serviced by the light-harvesting complex, which passes energy from sunlight to the reaction center; it consists of multiple antenna proteins that contain a mixture of 300–400 chlorophyll a and b molecules as well as other pigments like carotenoids.

Detailed explanation-5: -A. protecting chlorophyll a from photo-oxidation. B. enabling the chloroplast in utilizing a wider range of wavelengths of incoming light. C. absorbing some amount of light and transfer the energy to chlorophyll a. D.