DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+ to the light reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -The molecules of ADP and NAD+, resulting from the reduction reaction, return to the light-dependent reactions to be re-energized. One of the G3P molecules leaves the Calvin cycle to contribute to the formation of the carbohydrate molecule, which is commonly glucose (C6H12O6).

Detailed explanation-3: -In fixation, the first stage of the Calvin cycle, light-independent reactions are initiated; CO2 is fixed from an inorganic to an organic molecule. In the second stage, ATP and NADPH are used to reduce 3-PGA into G3P; then ATP and NADPH are converted to ADP and NADP+, respectively.

Detailed explanation-4: -The Calvin cycle is the term used for the reactions of photosynthesis that use the energy stored by the light-dependent reactions to form glucose and other carbohydrate molecules (Figure 1). Figure 1 The light-dependent reactions harness energy from the sun to produce ATP and NADPH.

Detailed explanation-5: -The products of the light reaction, ATP, and NADPH are required to convert CO2 into glucose during the Calvin cycle. ADP, iP, and NADP are regenerated during the Calvin cycle, and they are required for the production of ATP and NADPH during the light reaction.