DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -Stomata (noun, “STO-mah-tah”, singular “stoma”) These are the small pores in plant stems or leaves that allow carbon dioxide in and oxygen and water vapor out. Each tiny hole is surrounded by a pair of cells called guard cells.

Detailed explanation-2: -The lower epidermis on the bottom of the leaf has holes in it for gas exchange. The holes are called stomata (singular: stoma), and they can open and close. The opening and closing is controlled by a pair of guard cells, which surround each stoma.

Detailed explanation-3: -Leaf holes are called perforate leaves or fenestrate leaves. The word fenestration comes from Latin fenestratus which means, “provided with openings.” In the language of Botany, fenestrate means “having small perforations or transparent areas.” Like little windows! Why do some plants produce holey leaves?