DENDROLOGY

Detailed explanation-1: -NADPH will travel to the Calvin cycle, where its electrons are used to build sugars from carbon dioxide. The other ingredient needed by the Calvin cycle is ATP, and this too is provided by the light reactions.

Detailed explanation-2: -The oxidase is a multisubunit enzyme complex that transports electrons from cytoplasmic NADPH to molecular oxygen in order to generate superoxide free radicals. Electron transport across the plasma membrane is electrogenic and is associated with the flux of protons through voltage-activated proton channels.

Detailed explanation-3: -The electrons and protons are used to produce NADPH (the reduced form of nicotine adenine dinucleotide phosphoric acid) and ATP (adenosine triphosphate). ATP and NADPH are energy storage and electron carrier/donor molecule.

Detailed explanation-4: -The enzyme NADP reductase then transfers electrons from ferrodoxin to NADP+, generating NADPH. The passage of electrons through photosystems I and II thus generates both ATP and NADPH, which are used by the Calvin cycle enzymes in the chloroplast stroma to convert CO2 to carbohydrates (see Figure 2.39).